Controversial issues in ambulatory anesthesia.

Many controversies surround ambulatory anesthesia, but this article concentrates on two major areas: monitoring devices and airway management. Being able to monitor the depth of anesthesia has been a long-term goal with the aim of avoiding awareness during surgery. As monitoring devices are developed, they are being used to reduce anesthetic delivery and reduce costs, possibly increasing the risk of awareness. Management of the airway has been revolutionized by the laryngeal mask, and this article reviews some controversial uses. Several other airway devices that have been developed and promoted as suitable alternatives also are evaluated.